Raindrop images4/6/2023 High and low wind and turbulence characteristics were observed during and after passage, respectively, which provided an opportunity to compare the effects of the different wind and turbulence characteristics on raindrop characteristics. ![]() Rainfall microphysical characteristics including raindrop fall speed, axis ratio, and canting angle were measured through field observations by using a High-Speed Optical Disdrometer (HOD) during and after tornadic severe storm passage. Deviation from the terminal speed (Vt) is categorized as sub-and super-terminal, with sub-terminal referring to when raindrop fall velocity (Vf) is 30% slower than its terminal velocity (Vf = 0.7Vt) and superterminal referring to when a raindrop falls 30% faster than its terminal velocity (Vf = 1.3Vt) (Montero-Martínez et al. 2013 Montero-Martínez and García-García 2016 Bringi et al. 2020) and hence, they may deviate from the predicted values that are based on laboratory observations, due to environmental conditions such as wind (Thurai et al. However, microphysical characteristics of rainfall such as raindrop fall velocity, shape, and canting angle in the field may deviate from those observed in the laboratory (Testik et al. ![]() Moreover, there are various field studies that reported a good agreement between raindrop fall speed observations during natural precipitation events and the laboratory data by Gunn and Kinzer ( Thurai et al.
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